![]() ![]() In later times, Ereshkigal was believed to rule alongside her husband Nergal, the god of death. Heaven was reserved exclusively for deities and, upon their deaths, all mortals' spirits, regardless of their behavior while alive, were believed to go to Kur, a cold, dark cavern deep beneath the earth, which was ruled by the goddess Ereshkigal and where the only food available was dry dust. Humans were believed to have been created by Enki, the son of Nammu and An. Enlil separated heaven from earth and claimed the earth as his domain. First, Nammu, the primeval waters, gave birth to Ki (the earth) and An (the sky), who mated together and produced a son named Enlil. The Sumerians believed that the universe had come into being through a series of cosmic births. Towards the end of Sumerian civilization, these temples developed into ziggurats-tall, pyramidal structures with sanctuaries at the tops. ![]() In early times, Sumerian temples were simple, one-room structures, sometimes built on elevated platforms. Later, this role was supplanted by kings, but priests continued to exert great influence on Sumerian society. Before the beginning of kingship in Sumer, the city-states were effectively ruled by theocratic priests and religious officials. ![]()
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